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MARINE ECO-TOURISM POTENTIAL, ISSUES, STRATEGIES
AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AND MANAGEMENT IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
by
N. Mokhtar, M.A Herriman, J.Ramli, T. Duka
et al
Abstract:
A
good understanding of the current coastal and
island environment of Terengganu is essential
for policy-makers to develop and implement
worthwhile strategies for sustainable
development of tourism that is within the
carrying capacity of tourist resources.
The
Terengganu Coastal and Island Study (TCIS)
commissioned by the State Economic Planning Unit
through the Terengganu Development Institute (TDI)
in 2005- 2006 had produced a comprehensive
assessment of the state of the environment of
the coastal zone and the islands, namely the
Perhentian and Redang islands. The outcome of
the study also recognizes that the tourism
industry has the greatest potential as an
economic engine for Terengganu as it builds on
existing competitive advantages derived from a
unique natural environment, richly endowed with
flora and fauna of highest biodiversity and
ancient heritage.
Setiu Lagoon for example, is recognized as a
unique ecosystem of enormous potential as an
eco-leisure tourism attraction. Critical issues
such as inappropriate management and disposal of
solid waste, inadequate and poorly maintained
tourist infrastructure, lack of medical
services, endangered coastal forests and marine
environment pollution due to unfriendly
aquaculture practices are crucial.
The
Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR)
model was employed to assess each of the
critical issues. Among the responses include the
development of marine tourism strategy to
maximize tourism revenue through coastal–related
tourism products with upgrading of coastal
routes and facilities with attractive
accommodations and family attractions, improve
employment opportunities as well as optimizing
and privatization of island management based on
Tourism Optimization Management Model (TOMM)
indicators and targets in order to meet
objectives of environment, economic,
social-cultural, market, aesthetics and
spiritual values. Integrated Coastal Use
Zonation Plan (ICUZP), offshore aquaculture, sea
farming or spot fishing, coordinated planning of
wetland and rehabilitation of Setiu Lagoon
towards an eco-edu-heritage tourism of Besut and
Setiu Districts were also recommended.
Keywords: Marine Eco-Tourism, sustainable,
planning, development, management, coastal,
islands, biodiversity, carrying capacity,
tourism optimization model.
________________________________________________________________________
* ISI Ventures Sdn, Bhd, Institute Sultan
Iskandar, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
**
Sea Resources Management Sdn Bhd
***
Kangaroo Island Management, South Australia,
****
TDI, UMT, UM, UKM, UTM, MIMA, UPM and Fanli
Marine Env. Consultancy Services Sdn Bhd
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BIO-DATA
 PROF. DR. NOR AIENI HAJI MOKHTAR
Department
of Hydraulics & Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
University Technology Malaysia (UTM)
Deputy
Executive Director, Institute Sultan Iskandar (ISI)
CEO, ISI
Ventures Sdn Bhd c/o: Institute Sultan Iskandar
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia City Campus, Jalan Semarak
54100 Kuala Lumpur
Phone :
6012- 3905953 (mobile)
Off tel:
603-26989870 Fax: 603-26940293
Email :
noraieni@citycampus.utm.my,
prof_noraieni@yahoo.com.my
Education
PhD : Physics –Laser Technology(UTM),
MSc : Physics-Ionisation (Univ. Coll. of Swansea Wales,
UK)
BSc : Physics (State University of New York,
Binghamton, NY, USA)
Expertise
R &
D, Management of Technology, Technopreneurship,
Intellectual Property & Commercialisation Management,
Technology Transfer, Incubator &Technology Park
Management, Technology Evaluation (Engineering, Science,
Biotech, ICT), Strategic Planning & R & D Organisation
Management
Specialization
Lasers, Bio-Medical applications, coastal engineering,
Marine Science, Environmental studies,
construction, fluid flows, physical modeling.
Professional Memberships
1.
Member of International Association of Hydraulic
Research (IAHR)
2.
Member of Society for Optical Engineering (SPIEE), USA
3.
Member of International Erosion Control Association (IECA)
4.
Council Member for Malaysian Society for Marine Science
(MSMS), VP
5.
Exco Member, Confederation of Science and Technology
Associations, Malaysia, COSTAM
Awards / Recognition
1) Gold Medal at the 27th International Inventions
Exhibitions, New Techniques and New Products, Geneva,
Switzerland for the Construction/Civil Engineering
category (1999)
5.
2) Gold Medal, World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO),Geneva, Switzerland, for Best Woman Inventor
6.
3) UTM’s Discovery Gold Medal Award in 1999 awarded by
YAB Tun Dr.Mahathir Mohamad, Former PM of Malaysia
4.
4) 3rd Prize, 13th Khwarizmi International
Award from Iranian Research Organization for Science and
Technology (IROST), award given by President of Iran,
Muhamad Khatami.
5.
5) National Inventors Award for 1999 awarded by Dato’
Seri Abdullah Hj. Ahmad Badawi organised by the
Ministry of Science, Technology & the Environment (MOSTE)
6.
6) Special Award “R & D Manufacturing Category” R & D
IPTA Expo’05. Min. of Higher Education
7.
7) National IP Award, Best Industrial Design, April
2007, MDTCA/MyIPO, PM
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